The Nobel Prizes and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel were given out 609 times to 975 individuals and organisations between 1901 and 2021. There are 943 people and 25 organisations in all who have won the Nobel Prize, some of them have done so more than once. The complete list of The Nobel Prize Winner 2022 and laureates is provided here.
Winners of the Nobel Prizes in 2022: According to Alfred Nobel’s will from 1895, there are five different prizes that are given to “those who, during the preceding year, have bestowed the greatest benefit to humankind.” The subjects of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, economic sciences, and peace are all recognised by the Nobel Prize. The Nobel Prizes are frequently cited as the highest honours offered in their respective areas. Annual award ceremonies are held. Each honoree, referred to as a “laureate,” is given a gold medal, a diploma, and a financial prize.
Nobel Prize in Physics 2022
Alain Aspect
Université Paris-Saclay and
École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
John F. Clauser
J.F. Clauser & Assoc., Walnut Creek, CA, USA
Anton Zeilinger
University of Vienna, Austria
“for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”
Innovative experiments have been performed by Alain Aspect, John Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger employing entangled quantum states, in which two particles behave as a single entity even though they are separated. Their findings have paved the path for novel quantum information-based technology.
John Clauser expanded on John Bell’s theories, which resulted in an actual experiment. His measurements, which obviously violated a Bell inequality, supported quantum theory at the time they were made. This indicates that a theory that incorporates hidden variables cannot displace quantum mechanics.
After John Clauser’s experiment, certain gaps were still there. The arrangement was created by Alain Aspect, who utilised it to close a significant gap. After an entangled pair had left its source, he was able to change the measurement settings, ensuring that the settings in place at the time the pair was released had no bearing on the outcome.
Anton Zeilinger began to employ entangled quantum states using sophisticated techniques and extensive testing. His research team has also proven the existence of a phenomena known as quantum teleportation, which enables the remote transfer of a quantum state from one particle to another.
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022
Carolyn R. Bertozzi
Stanford University, CA, USA
Morten Meldal
University of Copenhagen, Denmark
K. Barry Sharpless
Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
“for the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry”
Making complicated processes simpler is the focus of the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. A functional branch of chemistry known as “click chemistry,” in which molecular building pieces fit together rapidly and precisely, was established by Barry Sharpless and Morten Meldal. Click chemistry has been expanded by Carolyn Bertozzi, who has begun applying it to living things.
The initiative was established by Barry Sharpless, who is currently receiving his second Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He developed the idea of “click chemistry” around the year 2000, which is a type of straightforward chemistry in which reactions take place rapidly and unintended byproducts are avoided.
Shortly after, independently of one another, Morten Meldal and Barry Sharpless presented the azide-alkyne cycloaddition, which is generally regarded as the pinnacle of click chemistry. Now used frequently, this chemical reaction is both beautiful and effective. It is used, among many other things, to map DNA, produce medications, and make materials that are better suited for their intended application.
Carolyn Bertozzi raised the bar for click chemistry. She created click reactions that function inside living beings in order to map crucial but elusive proteins called glycans that are found on the surface of cells. Her bioorthogonal processes happen without interfering with the cell’s regular chemistry.
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Svante Pääbo
The history of humanity has always piqued interest. What is our history, and what connections do we have to those who came before us? What distinguishes Homo sapiens from other hominins?
By conducting ground-breaking research, Svante Pääbo was able to sequence the DNA of the extinct Neanderthal, a relative of modern humans. He also made the stunning finding of Denisova, a previously undiscovered hominid. Importantly, Pääbo discovered that during the migration out of Africa some 70,000 years ago, there had been DNA transfer from these now extinct hominins to Homo sapiens. Humans today still benefit physiologically from this ancient gene flow because it influences, for example, how our immune systems respond to infections.
Paleogenomics was created as a result of Pääbo’s groundbreaking study. His studies lay the groundwork for investigating what makes us specifically human by exposing genetic variations that set all living humans apart from extinct hominins.Pääbo was hired at the University of Munich in 1990, where he continued his research on ancient DNA as a newly appointed Professor. He made the decision to examine the DNA of Neanderthal mitochondria, which are cellular organelles that house their own DNA. Even while the mitochondrial genome is small and only makes up a small portion of the cell’s genetic material, it is present in thousands of copies, enhancing the likelihood of success. Pääbo was able to sequence a section of mitochondrial DNA from a 40,000-year-old bone using his sophisticated techniques. We now have access to a sequence from an extinct relative for the first time as a result. Neanderthals were genetically separate from modern humans and chimps, as shown by comparisons.
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2022
Annie Ernaux
For her daring and clinical acumen in exposing the causes, estrangements, and societal restrictions of communal memory, Annie Ernaux has been awarded.
The Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to French author Annie Ernaux for her “uncompromising” 50-year body of work that examines “a life marked by vast discrepancies regarding gender, language, and class.”
Ernaux, the first French woman to receive the literary award, told reporters that she felt obligated to “continue the struggle against injustice” as a result of her victory.
According to the AFP news agency, she claimed that while literature could not have a “instant influence,” she nevertheless felt the need to continue the fight for the rights of “women and the oppressed”.
He said, “She’s a very significant working class writer as well as a very significant feminist writer; I believe both of those themes are very obviously present in her writing.
She “has stood up for herself as a woman, as someone who came from the French working class, unbowed, for decade after decade,” according to Ernaux’s US publisher Dan Simon of Seven Stories Press.
The Nobel Peace Prize 2022
Ales Bialiatski
The winner of the 2022 Nobel Peace Prize has been revealed. Ales Bialiatski, a Belarusian human rights activist, Memorial, a Russian human rights group, and Center for Civil Liberties, a Ukrainian human rights organisation, share the 2022 Nobel Peace Prize. On October 7, 2022, the Norwegian Nobel Committee revealed the laureate.
Who is Ales Bialiatski ?
Ales Bialiatski is a well-known civic leader and political prisoner in Belarus who founded the Viasna Human Rights Center. On September 25, 1962, in Vyartsilya, Bialiatski was born. In 2020, he was presented with the Right Livelihood Award, commonly known as the “Alternative Nobel Prize.” Bialiatski shared the 2022 Nobel Peace Prize with Memorial and The Center for Civil Liberties. Bialiatski earned a degree in Russian and Belarusian philology from Homiel State University in 1984. He was a driver of an armoured vehicle in an anti-tank artillery unit adjacent to Yekaterinburg (formerly Sverdlovsk) in the military from 1985 to 1986.
